Effects of Back Massage on Chemotherapy-related Fatigue

Effects of Back work on Chemotherapy-related FatigueShahida AbbasiThis paper is aimed to critique on a numerical interrogation article. Effects of nates manipulate on chemotherapy-related wear and foreboding Supportive c be and therapeutic touch in lotcer nurse Written by Karagozoglu and Kahve (2013) as part of my assignment.The ProblemThe job is portentous to nursing as noned by Karagozoglu and Kahve (2013) that nurses are directly compound to provide care and deal with patients receiving chemotherapy and their experienced side effectuate. It is also mentioned that problem is importation to nursing, as nursing interventions intend to improve smell of life-time by reducing the stress level of the patient with housecer.Moreover, the train of conducting similar info-based and cross sectional field of operation research was to ensure the military capability of prickle corrade, a nursing intervention, on fatigue process which develops imputable to chemo thera py. Further much, on the care level which develops, and has been explained explicitly. In my pose of view this get butt joint accomplish its purpose as hit the ceilings and Grove (2011) mentioned that effects of independent variables on dependent variable can be rigid through quasi experimental studies. In addition, quasi experimental a quantitative approach hold design is best fit to memorize the impellingness of pole message. In the article research variables back massage independent variable and fatigue as dependent variable has been explained with writings support, whereas I feel the dependent variable apprehension need more elaboration. The investigators promptly introduced the problem statement at the end of the introduction. In my point of view the answer to the problem provide insight into current issues in nursing practice because there was no arena found which determine the effects of back massage in decreasing fatigue and anxiety of chemotherapy patients. In addition, the investigators has stated the assumptions very(prenominal) clearly that back massage providing during chemotherapy reduces fatigue and anxiety Moreover, limitations are not listed explicitly but reader can infer easily as evident by this statement, small example size was utilise therefore, the findings of the study could not be generalized. The limitations of quasi study design are as mentioned in Polit and Beck (2012) noted that in interventional study participants show reluctance to be selected through randomization. Thus these assumptions and limitations are realistic. freshen of the LiteratureThe literature reviewed by the researchers is comprehensive, critical, and logical. Moreover, the literature was published during the period 1988- 2013 and more or less of them were not recent but relevant to the problem. The birth to the research purpose is evident by the literature review. In addition to that the researchers included 21 recent research studies and of th ese three studies published in 2013 were also employ. The investigators paraphrased the reviewed adequately did not use any quotation. The researchers made a case logically for conducting a new study based on the review tax shelter of Human RightsThis study was designed to minimize risk and maximize benefits to participants. Moreover, the researchers indicated very explicitly that participants gave voluntary, verbal and written informed consent and no present of coercion was found. However, it is not evident in study that participants were invited to consent during periods of spunky stress. There is no evidence in the study that individuals can be identified and tieed to study. The researchers very clearly mentioned that approval to conduct the study has been taken from an independent ethics committee of Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Medicine.Theoretical / conceptual FrameworkThe researchers did not describe any theory or cloth to guide their study. Coughlan, Cronin and Ryan (2007) noted that theoretical frameworks tend to be better genuine in experimental and quasi-experimental studies. Burn and Grove (2011) noted that a well-developed quantitative study is based on clearly stated framework and quality of frame work needs to be evaluated for practicality. However, in this study the absence of theory or frame work did not detract the researchers from the significance of the research.HypothesisThe investigators formally stated hypotheses. It is appropriate to see the possibility in quantitative study as the investigators were interested to discharge the effectiveness of back massage. Burns and Grove (2011, p.167) stated that this type of researches are required to countenance hypothesis in order to predict outcome. Moreover, hypotheses are naturally derived from the research problem and transform the problem into predictable results. In this study hypotheses drive two dependent and independent variables. Furthermore, the investigators stated hyp otheses clearly and objectively and the foretelling is evident. It is very obvious that these predictions are supported by the literature.SamplingThe fundament population carefully described by the researchers i-e patients who at least to a lower placewent for chemotherapy. The brand population was appropriate according to the study problem and desirability. However, resource limitations are not mentioned in the study. The investigators described exemplar selection social functions by grown strict eligibility criteria. However, it would be better if they had clearly mentioned the type of take procedure used. Moreover, the sampling method fits with the research design and level of examination of study. However, the authors did not describe potential take in biases. According to Polit and Beck (2012) under representation of the exemplar pertaining to research question should be acknowledge by the researchers. The sample is sufficiently large as Polit and Beck (2012, p.285) propose that small sample size pass on be adequate if researcher is certain about the strong relationship of the independent and dependent variables and it is described under the subheading of methods p.212.This study can be generalized on the fundament population and patients receive chemotherapy. The investigators have described the eligibility criteria to enroll participants on ( p.212) to ensure a representative sample. However, sampling error can be minimized by increasing the sample size. seek DesignThe investigators used quasi experimental and cross sectional design to determine the effects of the interventions. The design used for the level of inquiry of research question and purpose of research was appropriate as Burn and Grove (2011, P.151) mentioned that this study design is to determine the effects of back massage on independent variables. The researcher did not discussed potential effects of befuddle variables and possible measures to control such effects ( hardship ). Polit and Beck (2012) proposes selection of homogeneous sample to control confounder, however, statistical analysis can also be used for the same purpose. The researchers gave enough information based on which study can be replicated. info CollectionThe instruments Personal Information Form, The State solicitude part of Spielberger State- Trait Anxiety Inventry (STAI) Brief Fatigue blood (BFI) were used for data collection. Personal Information consists of nine questions for that detail is given under the subheading of Personal Information on p. 212. Moreover, State- Trait Anxiety strain (STAI) instruments developed by Spielberger et.al in 1964 has been used by Oner and Le Compte. Cronbachs alpha coefficient was given that shows validity and reliability. In addition, Brief Fatigue Inventory (BFI) developed by Mendoza et.al. (1999) which consists of 10 questions was used to assess fatigue, and the same outmatch was used by Cinar, Sezerli,Sarsmaz and Ments. The value of Cronbac h alpha reliability coefficient of the scale verifies its validity and reliability. However, rationale for the selection of instruments was not given. Instruments used in this study were congruent with research questions. Are results of these tests sufficient to indicate their use?The instruments are adapted for use with the study sample.Quantitative AnalysisDetermining the effectiveness of back massage is the third level of inquiry of study question, and for that quasi experimental and cross sectional study design is best fit.The investigators calculated opine and standard deviation for age. Chi-square test has been used for qualitative ordinal variables. A non-parametric Friedman test that is substitute of ANOVA has been used to analyze mean BFI construct for intra group variability. Moreover, a Wilcoxon non-parametric test alternative to paired t-test was used to interpret mean STAI scores of patients before, after and right after chemotherapy. Furthermore, Mann-Whitney U tes t was used for mean STAI and BFI score of patients before and right after chemotherapy. disrespect the fact that data were normally distributed, non- parametric test have been used. The link between the analysis and findings are logical, clear, and are evident by statistical rejection of null hypothesis by P-value. The researchers did not go beyond the data during interpretation of the findings, and they presented statistical result both in the narration and in tabulated form. The investigators used inferential statistic that is enough evidence to establish the correctness of the statistical result as Coughlan Cronin, P., Ryan (2007) noted that statistical significance assist the investigators to order out threat to validity. The investigator presented findings in a table which is clear, simple, and accurate.Conclusions and RecommendationsData analysis clearly explained in reference to research questions and hypotheses.Since the study sample was small, the researchers made approp riate decision based on significant findings and did not claim for generalizations beyond the study sample or population. However, the results are applicable on our patients who are planning for chemotherapy. If we will implement this intervention to our context, accordingly it will lead to increase comfort, decrease fatigue, and anxiety. Furthermore, there are no risks of implementing study findings mentioned explicitly or inferred. The authors also recommended that back massage during chemotherapy is effective intervention to be practiced to control the side effects especially fatigue and anxiety and this recommendation is well supported by the others studies. However, the investigatorsdid not give recommendations for future research studies.To determine the efficacy of back massage, a nursing intervention is a unique study which is significance for nursing practice. In this study the investigators used quasi experimental and cross sectional study design. Moreover, the study purp ose of the study is explicitly stated. The investigators tested hypothesis with instrument which are reliable and valid and they described the instrument very comprehensively. Moreover, sample selection was carried out on strict eligibility criteria. Study findings have been explained in narration and in table. Finally, investigators gave conclusion based on findings that back massage is effective nursing intervention to decrease the fatigue and anxiety of the patients who receive chemotherapy. The investigators also mentioned that study cannot be generalized other than target population.ReferencesBurns, N., Grove, S. K. (2012). Understanding Nursing Research Building an Evidence-Based Practice. Elsevier Health Sciences.Polit, D. F., Beck, C. T. (2012). Nursing Research Generating and Assessing Evidence for Nursing Practice. Lippincott Williams Wilkins.Coughlan, M., Cronin, P., Ryan, F. (2007). Step-by-step guide to critiquing research. Part 1 quantitative research.British Journ al of Nursing,16(11), 658-663.