Saturday, August 31, 2019

Why People Attend College Or University?

While some people prefer to find a job right away after graduation from school, others make a decision to continue their education at college or university. This way is not easy because it requires some sacrifices – financial and personal. But people choose this road in spite of high expenses and other obstacles. For many people, attending educational institutions such as college or university is a path to obtain knowledge, skills, and contacts for realizing (in order to realize) their professional dreams and ambitious.First of all, by taking courses or program at college, students gain strong knowledge in their fields of professional interest. They comprehensively study subjects including theories, laws, regulations, and practical exercises. Also, practically, all colleges and university organize workshops and seminars where recognized experts from particular field share their experience with participants. In addition, all students have an access to a wide range of learning r esources such as libraries, special internal databases, additional courses, experiential classes and much more.Beyond knowledge, students should learn several important skills which allow transferring well-built theoretical knowledge into the professional life. One of such skills is ability to present ideas clearly, and every college and university train students to make a presentation and speak on public. Another essential skill is ability to communicate with different people properly. That is why during educational process students have a lot of discussions and do several group projects. Besides, working together, students encounter some problems which take place in a real workplace and learn to solve them.Undoubtedly, one of the most significant reason for attending college or university is an opportunity to build professional network and get a job in the future. Because educational institutions organize many events with professionals and often offer a placement, students have a chance to demonstrate their abilities and get in touch with potential employer. This is the one sure way to find a job. Moreover, student who has already found a job might recommend his or her former classmate if his or her company needs to hire one more.Thus, contacts made at college or university help students to enter into the professional field. It might take a lot of time and efforts to become a professional and achieve career goals. However, college or university can make this road significantly easier and smoother. By getting a fundamental theoretical and practical basis, training communication skills, and establishing a professional network, future professionals obtain an excellent start which makes their dreams closer.

Friday, August 30, 2019

Emotional Intelligence Quotient

The concept of Emotional Intelligence (EIQ) may seem foreign to some. However, its lack of popularity does not mean that it is significant. Emotional Intelligence provides individuals with an insight into their personality. It helps people to identify the areas of their behavior that they may need to improve. Just like the IQ, the EIQ serves as a valuable measure by which people can learn about their weaknesses and strengths. There are various free EQ surveys available online. One of the websites that provide a free EIQ test is Discovery Health. The test I took was composed of a series of questions that required me to rate myself based on how much I feel the given statement applies to me. While I was taking the test, I remembered the multitude of personality tests that were administered in high school. The statements I was answering were very similar in nature to those I used to answer in school. As I responded to each question, I tried to look back on situations where the given statements applied. For each statement, I tried to remember the number of instances where I did as the statement said. At the end of the test, I found out that I scored average. Quite frankly, I was relieved to find out that I was the same as most people. However, the results also enlightened me to the fact that there is room for improvement in my life. There is so much that I can do to make myself a better person most especially in the way I relate to people and on how I maximize my talents and abilities. As the website’s explanation said, â€Å"You are not taking full advantage of your potential.† Basically, my results suggest that I should constantly seek for improvement in how I deal with others and in how I utilize my skills. As earlier mentioned, my results suggest that there is still room for improvement. I can still change and become a better person. There is still a chance for me to increase my EIQ. The website suggested that one way by which I can improve my score is by learning new skills and honing the skills that I have already acquired. Also, it was suggested that I learn new ways by which I deal with people. Indeed, these are the two primary ways by which I can develop myself. New skills will be greatly beneficial for it will make me more competent and capable of handling a wider range of tasks. However, learning new skills is not enough. In order to become a better person, I should be able to develop the ability to fully utilize such skills and to discern which ones will be needed for certain situations. Better decision making is key in enhancing one’s EIQ. In terms of improving the way I deal with people, I know that I must develop better communication skills. Relationships with others rely heavily on communication. Logically, better communication will mean better relationships. As such, it is evident that improving my communication skills is a key element in the development of my personality and in the enhancement of my emotional intelligence. Tests such as the one I took should not be taken as a complete assessment of an individual. It must be considered merely as a possible indication of how a person behaves. Having said such, I believe that every person has always room to grow and develop. There is always something new to learn or something to improve. Learning and developing has no end. They are constant processes that are a part of life.

The Effect Of Cooperation On Efl Learners Education Essay

This paper will look into the consequence of cooperation on EFL scholars ‘ reading comprehension. The consequence will be examined in three subdivisions harmonizing to the surveies done in the field. First, the consequence of student-student cooperation will be explored. Second, the consequence of student-teacher cooperation will be studied. Last, the consequence of student-reading specializer will be considered. Nevertheless, before traveling to the point at that place will come some elucidation about cooperation. Research in the field of schemes and scheme categorizations ( Oxford, 1990 ; cited in Brown, 2007 ) has classified cooperation as a societal scheme and has defined it in footings of collaborating with others and collaborating with adept users of the new linguistic communication. This â€Å" adept users of the new linguistic communication † can consist both instructors and the specializers of the new linguistic communication. As supported by surveies ( Almanza, 1997 ; Fehring, 1987 ; Jacobs, 2000 ; Sen, Burns, & A ; Miller, 2009 ) student-student cooperation affected the scholars ‘ or pupils ‘ reading comprehension positively. By student-student cooperation, we mean several pupils collaborating and join forcesing with each other during the reading procedure. One manner to bring forth student-student cooperation is through concerted acquisition. â€Å" Concerted acquisition is agreement in which pupils work in mixed-ability groups and are rewarded on the footing of the success of the group † ( Woolfolk, Winne, & A ; Perry, 2003. p. 329 ) . To hold effectual concerted acquisition, groups must be concerted ; i.e. all members must take part ( Woolfolk et al. , 2003 ) . Almanza ( 1997 ) supported the effectivity of student-student cooperation by her findings, which revealed that pupils ‘ accomplishment in reading comprehension could be improved by doing usage of concerted acquisition. Fehring ( 1987 ) is besides in favour of concerted acquisition and its effects on scholars ‘ linguistic communication acquisition in general including reading comprehension. Jacobs ( 2000 ) confirms the effectivity of concerted acquisition in reading, excessively. In his work, Jacobs ( 2000 ) asserted five grounds why concerted acquisition or student-student cooperation is effectual and should be added to extensive reading ( ER ) which involves pupils in mutely reading big measures of reading stuffs. The five grounds include: Students can infect each other with enthusiasm for reading. Students can propose good ER stuffs for each other. The more adept pupils can assist other pupils. Peers provide an audience with whom pupils can portion about what they hold read. The other manner supplying student-student cooperation is through holding pupils or scholars help each other learn by learning each other. Harmonizing to Sen and co-workers ( 2009 ) , â€Å" holding other pupils work with the pupil holding trouble in reading was among the most normally cited schemes in Chinese Taipei, the Islamic Republic of Iran, Singapore, and Trinidad and Tobago † ( p. 3 ) . The consequence of student-teacher cooperation on reading comprehension of the scholars is the following subdivision to be examined. Student-teacher cooperation refers to any sort of interaction and activity established between the pupil and the instructor, which has been indicated to be constructive and affect positively the overall linguistic communication acquisition of the scholars, reading comprehension included. Instructional conversation, which refers to â€Å" state of affairs in which pupils learn through interaction with instructors and/or other pupils † ( Woolfolk et al. , 2003. p. 335 ) , is considered to be an effectual manner in developing Student-teacher cooperation, which accordingly will hold pupils learn from their instructors and better their linguistic communication acquisition development, reading comprehension included. Harmonizing to Sen and co-workers ( 2009 ) , there are two types of Student- instructor cooperation, which are among the school-support schemes that help pupils develop their overall linguistic communication larning abilities: The instructor spends more clip working with the pupil separately. The pupil works in the regular schoolroom with a teacher-aide. Both of these two types of Student-teacher cooperation appeared to be effectual in linguistic communication acquisition development ; nevertheless, the first 1 was proved to be among the most normally cited schemes used and the 2nd 1 was found to be among the least normally cited schemes used in the bulk of states around the universe. The last subdivision analyzes the consequence of student-reading specialist cooperation on scholars ‘ reading comprehension. Reading specializer is the 1 who is a sort of expert in reading and its comprehension, is the 1 who is adept and experienced in the field. Student-reading specialist cooperation is a cooperation that is established between the pupil and the reading expert. This type of cooperation has been proved to be a constructive and effectual 1 in linguistic communication acquisition development ( Woolfolk et al. , 2003 ; Sen et al. , 2009 ) as will be discussed following. Cognitive apprenticeship has been shown to be an effectual manner in overall linguistic communication acquisition development, reading comprehension included, as student- reading specialist cooperation. Woolfolk and co-workers ( 2003 ) defined cognitive apprenticeship as â€Å" a relationship in which a less experient scholar acquires knowledge and accomplishments under the counsel of an expert † ( p. 337 ) . It was believed to be an effectual signifier of instruction in general and linguistic communication acquisition in peculiar, reading comprehension included ( Woolfolk et al. , 2003 ) . The other manner of set uping student-reading specializer cooperation in order to hold an enhanced comprehension among scholars is through holding pupils work with a reading specializer whether in a remedial schoolroom or in the regular schoolroom. Research ( Sen et al. , 2009 ) has shown that both of the schemes were proved to be effectual in heightening the reading comprehension of the scholars ; nevertheless, none of them was among the most normally cited schemes used in the bulk of the states.

Thursday, August 29, 2019

Enterotube case study Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Enterotube case study - Lab Report Example Within 3 hours the patient suffered from severe vomiting, feelings of nausea and diarrhea. He also felt consistent abdominal cramps. He had developed mild fever while being admitted. This is a clear case of food poisoning since no other symptoms are visible. No other complication developed. However since several species of bacteria can cause food poisoning it is important to accurately point out the causal microbe for proper treatment approach. In order to reach a proper diagnostic conclusion several tests needs to be conducted to accurately identify the exact species of the pathogenic bacteria responsible for causing the symptoms in the patient. The Enterotube IITM System has been used to help in identification since several evaluations have shown that the system is both simple to use and rapid for analysis of bacterial species (Martin et al, 1971, p.96).It is a pre-packaged diagnostic tool used for identification of Gram Negative bacteria in Enterobactericeae family. Even though the procedure is less reliable than conventional molecular methods yet the advantage of using this system lies in the fact that all the tests can be done simultaneously using just one single colony (Grunberg et al, 1969, p.207). After proper scoring and calculation it can be said accurately that the causal microorganism is S.aureus. S.aureus is a fairly common bacterium found o skin and in noses of even healthy individuals (CDC, 2014).The severity of the food poisoning developed depends on the amount of food ingested.This bacterium is primarily spread through food especially when food is handled under unsanitary conditions. Since patient is a growing child no medical intervention will necessary at this stage. However, rest and intake of large amounts of fluid is absolutely essential for proper

Wednesday, August 28, 2019

STRATEGIC ANALYSIS OF TUALATIN CITY FROM A HUMAN RESOURCE PERSPECTIVE Essay

STRATEGIC ANALYSIS OF TUALATIN CITY FROM A HUMAN RESOURCE PERSPECTIVE - Essay Example Strategic Plan of an organisation is a vital player in the success of an organisation if it is devised properly. The lack of clarity is the main reason why organisations fail to achieve their goals and objectives, regardless, of a strong strategic plan. It is a must, therefore, to analyse and ascertain all the factors of the strategic plan in detail, so that it may not have any vagueness. Most strategic management plans of organisations fail to provide the Human Resource perspective. Organisations considering their future plans and needs must analyse their strategic plans from HR view. Although, this analysis may not be an exact reflection of organisation’s future, however, it would certainly provide Management with certain feedback that can help them form pathways for the achievement of their strategic goals. Tualatin City is a part of Washington County that comes under the jurisdiction of Oregon State, in the United States of America. The city covers a total area of 20.2 sq. km with population amounting to 26000 citizens. The reason for its fame is the fact that tourists often pay a visit because of Bridgeport Village which is an upscale European-Style shopping area. The city is also famous for Tualatin River that flows in the northern part and a wide array of green belts and recreation parks ("Tualatin oregon," 2012). The City Council of Tualatin City has devised a Strategic Management Plan for a medium term period which they termed as ‘Vision 2018’, with the primary objective of making the city a better living place for the residents and visitors. In subsequent discussion, we will have a look at the key strategic goals of the organisation followed by HR implications that would affect the successful achievement of these goals setup by the City Council of Tualatin City (City Council, 2012). Key Strategic Directions & Priorities: The key strategic priorities of City Council of Tualatin City for a period of next five years are: To provide better transportation facilities to the residents as well as the visitors. Reduce congestions and provide a separate track to bike and cycle riders. Also, expand the mass transit system and build new roads and bridges. Preserve and develop city’s natural and unique resources. This will include meeting all the stakeholders of the Tualatin River an d building/updating banks and creeks over the rivers. It also includes preserving green belts and recreation parks present in the city. To ensure that residents are living safely and peacefully, within the boundaries of Tualatin City. This will include devising a community feedback mechanism, evaluation of safer routes to hospitals, schools and financial institutions and, introducing newer reforms in the police department. Continue with the current architectural plans of the city and updating them when required. Increasing recreational activities by providing sailing, boating and swimming activities across the river and increasing public art and plantation in the city. Increasing the economic viability of the city and look to provide a solid revenue plan for the city. This will be achieved by increasing policies pertaining to land and taxation. Also, a new marketing plan for the city needs to be devised which would attract outsiders and investors. Urban Renewal Plan for the South-We stern part of the city needs to

Tuesday, August 27, 2019

Philosophy Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Philosophy Ethics - Essay Example On the contrary, those with slave morality do make villains out of their masters and wish to make them slaves as well. Notably, master morality is associated with the powerful and the strong individuals, whereas slave morality represents the weak willed who are oppressed and abused, and they are expected to be submissive to their masters. However, both slave and master morality are expressive to will to power but differently in that, master morality â€Å"is the explicit recognition of the will to power whereas slave morality shows its will to power in the explicit denial of value of power† (Solomon 131). Accordingly, Nietzsche associate master morality with the nobles whereas slave morality with the herds. Nietzsche’s concept of master-slave morality provides an understanding of the conflicts between societies, and Nietzsche claims that master and slave morality have resulted to conflicts experienced in the society. He believes that there are always conflicts between t he slaves and their masters or a strong group versus a weak group of individuals in the society. Nietzsche’s works on the death of God reveals that he believed in a literal death of God. By declaring that God is dead, Nietzsche implies that people’s beliefs and need for God is dead, and with the death of God, human beings are looking for something to replace Him such as scepticism, nihilism, utilitarianism among others. The death of God signifies a break in the past and new non-metaphysical unity among others (Stauffer and Bettina 239); more so, Nietzsche’s argument about the death of God emphasizes the significance of losing faith. Arguably, the death of God signifies the decline of religion and the rise of atheism, therefore, Nietzsche claims that the absence of high moral authority would lead to chaos in the world. Nietzsche claims that the death of God signifies the reversal of nihilism (Stauffer and Bettina 239), and so he argues that the western world enti rely depends on the rule of God to give the society order and meaning to life and so His death would force the society to accept nihilism which he considers dangerous. Nietzsche argues that values are important for the wellbeing and existence of humans, and so by transformation of all values, Nietzsche meant that Christianity is not just a religion but also a predominant moral system of the western world. More so, Nietzsche states that Christianity elevates the weak over the strong; therefore, in the Antichrist, he condemns Christianity and calls for the revaluation of all values. Therefore, by transformation of all values, Nietzsche is addressing the Christians and those supporting Christianity. Q.2 The term gyn/ecology refers to the science of womankind as proposed by males (Daly 9); and according to Daly, gyn/ecology was an attempt to see through the deceptive and confusing patriarchal thinking about good and bad. More so, it focuses on the atrocities against women globally and i n all periods of patriarchy and shows that they are interconnected. In short, Daly’s work gyn/ecology  was concerned with the process of women’s becoming and the demotic obstacles to this process, the deceptive myths as well as the sadistic practices of patriarchal culture. Moreover, Daly explored the deadly myths that interfere with the minds of women and she recounts both the physical and psychological destruction of

Monday, August 26, 2019

Strategy of international business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Strategy of international business - Essay Example Centralization happens when a company focuses the centralization of authority from the whole towards a particular group, which usually happens to be the top management since top management assumes the decision making authority. On the other hand, decision-making authority in a decentralized organization is passed over to the lower tiers that may be the organization’s branches, subsidiaries, or divisions. Advantages of centralization include uniformity of standards, reduction in the cost of operation, and increased profitability of business while disadvantages of centralization include conflict between the internal organizational culture and external culture, and the need of a very efficient IT-based system. Advantages of decentralization include increased competition whereas the disadvantages of decentralization include increased need of training and customization of employees’ skills. One advantage of centralization is uniformity of standards. Since the company has a centralized system, the product or service generated by the company has the same quality wherever it is made in the world. Another advantage of a centralized organizational structure of an international company is that it reduces the cost of operation in three fundamental ways. Firstly, the company is able to exploit the economies of scale. The international company can benefit from its products’ or services’ special pricing in numerous ways that include but are not limited to bulk pricing, single orders or multiple orders, and volume discounts. Secondly, in a centralized system, an international company escapes the need to duplicate the procedures or efforts to address the needs of branches in different parts of the world. Thirdly, centralization of the system reduces the regulatory costs. In addition to that, centralization promotes a culture of more consistency and accountability

Sunday, August 25, 2019

Pharmacy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Pharmacy - Essay Example Of course, there are many other formulations that I could become as a drug: powder, gel capsules, even nasal spray. But the most common types are the tablet and suspension forms. All of the equipment I come into contact with between now and when I am ingested by a patient must be clean and sterile. I must be sealed away from outside contact, so that I do not become contaminated with debris, bacteria, or other microscopic particles. Every canister, tank, mixer, pipe, hose, and bottle has to be sterilized completely. Many of the items I will come in contact with have been steam-sterilized, because using clean steam prevents me from being contaminated by the cleaning products themselves. I am pumped from a delivery vehicle into a tank to be stored at the manufacturing site. The tank I am in is only one of many in the tank farm at this pharmaceutical plant. In order to assure safety, the tanks are sterilized before I am pumped into them through an airtight transfer pump. After a period o f storage, I am then pumped from the storage tanks into a make-up and boot tank, and then from there into a reactor tank to start the manufacturing process. The plant keeps very careful track of the arrival times of all the ingredients for their products, including me, in order to ensure that nothing is stored too long. They also have to keep track of the temperature and humidity of the storage areas, because some ingredients cannot be exposed to temperatures that are too high or too low, and some cannot be exposed to humid air in case they react with the oxygen. Some chemicals must even be kept away from contact with the oxygen in the air, because they will oxidize and change form. At the start of the manufacturing process, I am weighed with great precision, as are the excipients that will make up the tablets or suspension with me. The weights of the various ingredients will depend on batch size and dosage amount, and all of the weights are recorded for quality assurance. Each of t he ingredients are all weighed individually in separate sterile canisters because having the right amounts of each ingredient is vital to the properties of the final product. The reactor mixes us together in the right proportions, according to the size of the batch and the dosage amount of the final product. Depending on my properties and the properties of the other ingredients in my mixture, the next steps will vary. If I and the other active and inactive ingredients are dry powder that can be mixed together smoothly, we can be sent on to the next step of tablet pressing without further processing. If the right mixtures cannot be obtained through simple stirring in the reactor, there are two other possibilities to create the necessary homogeneity of the mixture for the creation of tablets. These possibilities are wet granulation or dry granulation. If I can be mixed with water, the manufacturer will use an aqueous solution, as that will be safer; if, like many pharmacological chemi cals, I cannot come in contact with water without reacting to it and degrading, I will be mixed with a solvent solution. If I go through wet granulation, a liquid binder-adhesive will be added to me in the reactor, where we will be thoroughly mixed together. Using the correct amounts of the liquid binder-adhesive is vital, because if too much of the liquid is added to me, my granules will come out to be too

Saturday, August 24, 2019

Report on a project that has occurred or is occurring in the public or Research Paper

Report on a project that has occurred or is occurring in the public or community or corporate sector - Research Paper Example Producing and processing gas in sea where it is extracted is a major contributing factor towards innovation and reducing cost. It will also make new energy sources accessible. The major characteristics of a project are that it is temporary in nature (Pinto, 2010). This means that it has a starting date and an ending date. Besides this the outcome of the project must be unique in nature. It must be either in the form of a product, service or result. This project initiated by shell has several societal benefits and it has the potential to bring revolution in the ways natural gas is produced. BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT This section of the report will discuss about the project and discuss measures which initiate the project. The expected deliverables and the outcomes of the project will be discussed along with the organizational details. Overcoming certain barriers like cost, time, quality, scope and risk are the main objectives of the project (Atkinson, 1999). This is because all these f actors contribute directly to its success. The main objective of the project is to save cost and utilize the time that is allotted to the project in the most efficient manner (Harrison, and Lock, 2004). Timely completion of the project and proper management of the resources will improve the quality delivered. New projects or expansion strategies of the business involve risk associated to it. The efficiencies of implementation of the process can reduce the risk (Hamilton, 2004). The project of Shell prelude (FLNG) is owned by Shell. It is located on the Western shore of Australia. The project was started in 2011 and is expected to be completed in 2015 (Shell, 2013a). Shell is planning to develop large gas resources and explore more reserves across Australia. The company also has interest in acquiring new coal reserves and expanding its exploration boundaries. The development phase of Prelude FLNG project was constructed from the contribution of six hundred engineers from across the w orld. A model of the project was designed which was tested in artificial sea conditions. This was done to test the model against the pressure of winds and waves (Shell, 2013c). The FLNG project after construction is estimated as the largest floating offshore facility (Offshore Technology, 2012). It will be 488 meters long and it will weigh 600,000 tons if loaded to full capacity. The total weight of steel used for building the FLNG project would be 260,000 tons (Shell, 2013a). This project is innovative because it will accommodate all the functions which were performed on land earlier. The FLNG will allow ease of production, liquefaction of natural gas, storage of gas in liquid form to reduce the storage cost and allow transfer at sea. Initiation of developing projects like these will help open offshore natural gas fields (Shell, 2013b). These projects are costlier to operate and difficult to develop on land. Development of FLNG will resolve these issues. Shell has initiated this pr oject with the collaboration of contractor Technip Samsung Consortium (TSC). TSC has an agreement with Shell of providing multiple facilities like engineering, manage the procurement of goods required for production, provide construction facilities and ensure proper installation of the FLNG facility. The site selected for the project is of the prelude gas field located on Northwest coast of Australia. After completion of this project about 350 direct

Friday, August 23, 2019

Carl Rogers Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Carl Rogers Theory - Essay Example Furthermore Rogers believed that if the clients turned inwards and examined themselves they would find the means to end hurting. This treats persons as inimitable, values their dreams and goals and elevates their particular feelings about the world. Rogers sees the role of the therapist primarily as an empathic listener who must enters into the client's journey of self-actualisation. Jones and Butman in Modern Psychotherapies succinctly describe the goal of the self-actualisation process. It is the ongoing process of bringing self-view, the ideal self and the real self into line with one another. DeMarinis in her book, Pastoral Care, Existential Health and Existential Epidemiology attempts to conceptualise pastoral care. In her research she noted several themes that most people accept as belonging to pastoral care. The main ones of these are care of the soul and inner life, primarily Christian, spanning the complete life cycle, under the direction of God, providing a shelter from a hard world, connects God to life, is part of the whole work of the church not only in specific sessions and is not to be confused with psychology. This essay will keep in mind these main themes as it explores the helpfulness of Roger's approach. Jones and Butman begin their exploration of Roger's theory by claiming that the emotional content of person centred therapy is intuitively appealing. They have a valid point here. Person centred counselling differs from the mainstream notion of psychotherapists as distant experts and is alluring in its humanity based ideas. It promotes a positive view of humankind and its central tenet is that humans are, at heart, good and filled with the possibility to change and achieve anything. Furthermore it concentrates on goals and dreams and endorses the need for positive regard for others. In addition Roger's theories are based on his clinical work and endless research. Rather than remaining a fixed theory he developed his ideas as they were tried out, constantly responding to criticism and results. This dedication to base his hypothesis on what actually worked enhances the appeal of the theory and lessens the distance between pure theory and practical administration. Finally, the simplicity of Roger's theory and the fact that it is accessible to everyone gives it credibility. Its founding principles are not complicated and so the majority of people can follow his train of logic and see how he came up with his conclusions. Person Centred Therapy's Contributions to Pastoral Ministry Roger's contribution to psychotherapy has traditionally been attractive to a religious audience because his formulation of a helping relationship embodies the Christian ideal of a loving servant to others. Rogers and Butman notice how it, 'appears to give us valuable clues and guidance on how to respond to those in misery or distress, or how to concretely 'love the brothers and sisters'.1 It is a guide for the pastoral worker because it treats people as inimitable, complete beings in the same way that Christianity would. The pastoral worker takes this view because she believes humans are made in God's image and must be treated with the appropriate respect. The qualities that a therapist must have to undertake this kind of help are almost identical with the qualities the Bible describes a Christian should have; grace, unconditional love, servant-like. Moreover it focuses on 'unconditional regard'

Thursday, August 22, 2019

Science Instruction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Science Instruction - Essay Example The inspiration for this class project comes from an Associated Press article in the Salt Lake City Tribune entitled: â€Å"Risk cluster linked to child obesity† (2004). This article presents a health risk and possible factors contributing to that risk. There are several instructional as well as social goals involved in this project. The instructional goals will allow the children not only to research the issues but also create a resource for data collection and present many possible outcomes for solutions to the problem. It is important to remember not just to stick to strict guidance: Sometimes, you may need to ask for facts, at other times you will focus attention on relationships, reasons and causes. Sometimes, the talk will relate to prior experience and, at other times, it will be about something the children have just seen or are investigating. (Newton, 2002, p. 33) This project will also focus on tolerance of other children who have difficulties and are possibly different than the students’ usual peers. By exploring these other factors the students will raise their understanding and compassion for those around them. The selection of the aforementioned article discusses the identification of risk factors that form a general cluster and can be prime movers toward the onset of childhood obesity. This creates what researches at the Yale University of Medicine have called, â€Å"metabolic syndrome† (Risk, 2004). This syndrome consists of the following characteristics: high blood pressure, high blood sugar, high cholesterol, low HDL cholesterol levels and obesity. These factors should act as a yellow flag and need to be addressed as early as possible to prevent the comorbid presentation of other health factors such as Type 2 diabetes and heart disease. Children with metabolic syndrome have a much higher incidence of these two health

Geographical Layout of an Area on Its Politics Essay Example for Free

Geographical Layout of an Area on Its Politics Essay What is the effect of the geographical layout of an area on its politics, society, and economy? Physical characteristics of a specific area can have a substantial impact on its history. Regardless of how close one area is to another the outcome of the civilization could be completely different because of how the people have had to adapt to live in their respective areas. This issue would explain how intertwined history is with geography. Europe’s geography provided many disadvantages and advantages which have been the factors for its many successes and failures. Since the majority of Europe is surrounded by water it was a peninsula. This made it so they could trade with ease. The many rivers and mountain ranges of Europe most certainly aided in protecting certain civilizations from invasion or being involved in wars. The wildly vast and diverse geographic features in Europe set the tone for trading routes to prosper, long-lasting cultures to develop, and battles to occur that would change the identity of the region indefinitely. A region’s geographic shape is instrumental in determining what a region will become. Due to Europe’s geographical shape it became a hotspot for any and all trade. With natural resources plentiful Europe was constantly bustling with business. The Iberian Peninsula gave Spain and Portugal easy access to trade with foreign countries. The Balkan Peninsula gave many countries along the Aegean Sea the effortless option to trade. The many Peninsulas provided great advantages for Europeans due to the plentiful food the oceans supplied. These advantages molded many European civilizations into what they are today whether they isolate themselves from others or interact. The specific geographical features within a region provided protection, but also could have provided isolation. The many rivers and mountain ranges of Europe provided many people with fertile soil and a feeling of safety. However, the mountain ranges could stop trade between countries and slow the advancement of technology and knowledge between these regions. The rivers on the other hand would encourage trade and it would flourish. The physical characteristics of a region affect the decisions people greatly. Europe has a wide variety of terrains. Some help the people who live there, while others force people to adapt. These features influenced the development of many areas. For example the Alps acted as a barrier throughout the Punic Wars. It was perhaps the Roman Empire’s greatest asset. Several times Hannibal was forced to attack by sea instead of being able to invade from the North. This is not the only time in history was affected by geographical features. Climate overcame Hitler’s forces in the Invasion of Russia. The cold winter air killed off many of Hitler’s forces. That event alone could have changed the entire turnout of WWII. Europe’s features both hindered and kindled its growth as a world power. People’s choices have always been affected by their surroundings. The geographic features found in Europe were a commodity and the reason Europe succeeded the way it did for so long. Europe is filled with a wide variety of natural resources and geographical features. Sometimes their surroundings were beneficial and other times it was detrimental. Geography affected the choices of everyone. These features are what caused certain trade routes to emerge, cultures to find their identities, and wars to take place where they did.

Wednesday, August 21, 2019

Transducers used in the Cardiac Ultrasound Machine.

Transducers used in the Cardiac Ultrasound Machine. Transducers used in the Cardiac Ultrasound Machine. Abstract: Ultrasound imaging depends on the ability of piezoelectric crystals to generate sound when excited with alternating current and the reverse effect of charge accumulation or current flow when such crystals are subjected to pressure from sound waves. The first known ultrasound imaging machine was designed by K. T. Dussik in Australia in 1937. However, despite its widespread acceptance today, medical ultrasound did not develop as rapidly as X-ray imaging. Despite the relatively slow start, medical ultrasound imaging is very widely accepted today because there is no ionising radiation involved and hence the procedure is relatively safe. Ultrasound equipment is also cheaper as compared to X-ray imaging, magnetic resonance imaging, MRI and other techniques associated with nuclear medicine. The procedure involves minimal patient discomfort and is very useful for examining the soft tissues or the developing foetus. A dramatic increase in the number of older patients with chronic he art and valve disease has resulted in a prolific demand for the ultrasound cardiac imaging machines which can satisfy the requirements associated with fast and cost effective measurement of cardiac anatomy or function. One of the critical elements in the medical ultrasound imaging system is the ultrasound transducer without which signal processing and visualisation of the soft tissue images is impossible. Although many naturally occurring substances such as quartz exhibit the piezoelectric effect, lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramic ferroelectric materials have for many years been used for biomedical applications because of their superior characteristics for soft tissue imaging.   Polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF), transducer material has demonstrated advantages as a high frequency receiver. Single or multilayer transducers made of these elements can be used for ultrasound imaging as single transducers operating in A-mode or a two or three dimensional transducer array for B-mode, C-mode or M-mode ultrasound imaging. This brief essay takes a look at transducers for medical ultrasound. The principle of operation of a cardiac ultrasound imaging device is based on the information that is provided by the varying delay times of echoes that are reflected from various depths of the human body tissue as a result of the ultrasound pulses that are generated by an ultrasound transducer being incident on the body tissue. Delay times of echoes from different depths are different and ultrasound is reflected from the interface of different types of tissues. A Doppler shift in frequency is also generated as a result of moving objects and the attenuation of ultrasound waves depends on the type of tissue that the ultrasound wave is travelling through. The ultrasound transducer which is responsible for the generation and detection of reflected ultrasound is, therefore, an essential component of the ultrasound imaging device. Ultrasound transducers work on the basis of the piezoelectric effect in which an alternating voltage applied to piezoelectric crystal material causes the crysta ls to become electrically polarised as a result of the applied electric field and hence vibrate with the alternating voltage to produce sound. Such crystals also become electrically polarised when stress is applied to them and hence any sound waves which are incident on them result in charge accumulation on the crystal surface and hence the generation of an alternating voltage. Thus, an ultrasound transducer consists of a suitable piezoelectric material sandwiched between electrodes that are used to provide a fluctuating electric field when the transducer is required to generate ultrasound. When the transducer is required to detect ultrasound, the electrodes may be used to detect any fluctuating voltages produced as a result of the polarisation of the crystals of the piezoelectric material in response to incident sound which generates fluctuating mechanical stresses on the material. Piezoelectric materials include quartz, ferroelectric crystals such as tourmaline and Rochelle salt a s well as the group of materials known as the piezoelectric ceramics, which include lead titanate (PbTiO3) and lead zirconate (PbZrO3). These materials are also known as piezoelectric ceramics which are used in ultrasound transducers for biomedical applications.Polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) is another transducer material which has demonstrated advantages as a high frequency receiver. Piezoelectric ceramics are sold with the brand name PXE by Philips Company and are solid solutions of lead titanate (PbTiO3), and lead zirconate (PbZrO3) which have been modified by additives which are a group of piezoelectric ceramics known as PZT. PXE materials are hard, chemically inert and unaffected by a humid environment. The crystals in a ferroelectric material of which PXE is made up of align themselves randomly in a number of directions. With such a random orientation of crystals, the material will exhibit no piezoelectric effect. In order to have a piezoelectric material which is capable of being used for ultrasound transducers, the material has to be subjected to a strong electric field at high temperatures. This has the effect of permanently locking the crystals in the direction of the applied electric field and making the crystal piezoelectric in the direction of the electric field. Hence, a piezoelectric ceramic material may be converted into a piezoelectric material in any given direction by applying a strong electric field to the material in the given direction at an elevated temperature. This treatment, which is known as poling, is the final stage in the manufacture of a PXE piezoelectric. Metal electrodes perpendicular to the poling axis are deposited on the material so that an alternating electric field may be applied to generate ultrasound or ultrasound vibrations may be sensed by sensing the electric field across the piezoelectric material. The voltage across a piezoelectric ceramic PXE material is usually directly proportional to the applied stress. The construction of a simple, single element piezoelectric transducer is as shown below. The Construction of a Single Element Piezoelectric Transducer Ultrasound imaging in the A-mode directs a narrow beam of ultrasound into the tissue being scanned and the echo which may be displayed on a CRT screen provides a measure of the distance between reflecting surfaces in the body. In the B-scan mode, the echo signal is brightness modulated which makes it possible for information related to tissue depth to be displayed on the screen in a visually effective manner. An ultrasound transducer array operating in B-mode permits a picture of the tissues within a patient’s body to be displayed on a CRT device. M-mode ultrasound imaging presents tissue movement by scanning an A or B – line on a monitor as a function of time and movements in this line indicate movements in the tissues within the body. In C-mode ultrasound imaging a second transducer is used to detect echoes sent out by the first transducer, presenting a 2-D map of the ultrasound attenuation within tissues. Having discussed the principles of operation of a piezoelectric medical ultrasound transducer, it is now appropriate to consider the practical problems associated with the construction of such transducers. This is done below. The Design of Ultrasound Transducers A transducer which is constructed out of piezoelectric material will have a natural frequency of resonance and it is appropriate that the transducer should be excited with alternating electric field which matches the natural resonant frequency of oscillation of the material. The ultrasound frequencies that are used in medical imaging applications range from 1 MHz to 15 MHz and echocardiography is usually performed at frequencies of 2.5 MHz. Hence, transducers which are used for ultrasound imaging have to be tuned for different frequencies. For a transducer material in which ultrasound waves travel at the speed c, with a resonant frequency f, the thickness of the material is related by the formula f=c/2d. Hence, it is possible to tune various transducers constructed of the same material to different frequencies by adjusting the thickness of the material. The ultrasound transducer can be excited by a continuous wave, a pulsed wave, or a single voltage pulse depending on the requirement s for observing a continuous image, echo ranging or other tissue measurements. The rear face of the piezoelectric crystal material is usually supported by a backing material which is tungsten loaded araldite, so that the vibrations in the piezoelectric material are rapidly damped after the initial excitation. It is important to couple the piezoelectric transducer to the body of a patient so that the incident ultrasound energy can be effectively transmitted into the body tissue that is being scanned. In order to do this, matching layers of suitable acoustic material are used along with a gel which makes it possible for the ultrasound waves to penetrate the tissue more efficiently. As far as possible, the characteristic acoustic impedance of the tissue being scanned is matched with the acoustic impedance of the transducer. The characteristic acoustic impedance of the tissue is defined as: In the formula, c is the speed of ultrasound in human tissue which is about 1540 m/sec with a variation of +/- 6% and   is the tissue density. K is the bulk elastic modulus of the tissue being scanned. The acoustic parameters of an ultrasound transducer include its nominal frequency, the peak frequency which is the highest frequency response measured from the frequency spectrum, the bandwidth of the transducer which is the difference between the highest and the lowest – 6 dB level in the frequency spectrum, the pulse width response time of the transducer, which is the time duration of the time domain envelope which is 20 dB above the rising and decaying cycles of a transducer response, the loop sensitivity for a medium on which a test is performed which is characterised by: Here, Vo is the excitation pulse voltage in volts, while Vx is the received signal voltage from the transducer.   The signal to noise ratio for a biomedical ultrasound transducer is also an important parameter for an ultrasound transducer and this is defined as: In the above expression, Vx is the received signal voltage from the transducer in volts in response to a specified tone burst or pulse and Vn is the noise floor in volts. The signal to noise ratio for an ultrasound transducer is a measure of the noise associated with the transducer, measuring instrument or cables and this is a good measure of how sensitive a transducer is. In addition to the previously mentioned parameters, geometrical parameters for a transducer describe how the acoustic pressure generated by a transducer varies across the axial and cross-sectional fields of a transducer. These variations are illustrated below: Axial Beam Profile for an Ultrasound Transducer Cross – Sectional Beam Profile for an Ultrasound Transducer he detailed construction of an ultrasound transducer for medical applications involving the shaping of the piezoelectric material, matching layers, housing and backing materials etc is presently conducted using computational techniques such as Finite Element Modelling of ultrasound transducers through the use of software packages such as Ultrasim and other commercially available software. In the overall design, efforts have to be made to ensure that the overall design will be optimised so as to deliver a sufficiently high power of ultrasound into the tissue being imaged and as far as possible there is best possible sound impedance matching between the transducer and the scanned tissue. Design of the backing material in an ultrasound transducer is important because this design determines the ring down time of the transducer, which is critical for low noise and optimal axial resolution of the transducer. Trends in Transducer Design for Echocardiography Only the simplest equipment for echocardiography will use a single ultrasound transducer and there is a trend towards design of echocardiography equipment which uses two or even three dimensional arrays of ultrasound transducers to provide superior quality 2 –D or 3-D computer generated pictures of the organ being imaged.   Even the relatively simpler equipment being used these days has two or more ultrasound transducers fitted into the transducer probe. The array of transducers are capable of generating a shaped beam of ultrasound which can be appropriately focused using electronic digital signal processing techniques to provide better images and resolution. Although the relatively simple medical ultrasound scanners cost about  £1000 per piece, reasonably decent transducer assemblies for a decent Philips or Toshiba ultrasound machines can cost  £1500 for the transducer alone. Transducer arrays for two or three dimensional ultrasound imaging equipment can be much more ex pensive because of the large number of transducers that are employed in such imaging equipment.   For better quality ultrasonic imaging to be possible, there is a requirement for enhanced bandwidth transducers, higher frequency transducer arrays and sophisticated digital signal processing circuits. There is also a trend towards transducer miniaturisation which will make intracavitary, intraurethral, or intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) investigation possible. The current imaging frequency range of 1 MHz to 15 MHz is expected to be increased to 20 MHz to 100 MHz and at these frequencies, microsonography devices using miniature ultrasound transducers with higher sensitivities are expected to provide much better and higher resolution images using catheter based transducers which are less then 2mm in diameter and are capable of being placed in veins.   New ultrasound transducer materials are likely to provide transducers which are far more sensitive then those available presently and consume lower power. These transducers can be operated from battery powered portable equipment and th ere are indications in literature that with the availability of such devices, it is likely that the stethoscope will be replaced by miniature ultrasound equipment. New trends in ultrasound transducer construction are also moving towards composite transducer construction in which a composite of two piezoelectric materials is used to design the transducer. Ultrasound transducers are fairly rugged and the piezoelectric material does not loose its properties unless exposed to high temperatures approaching the Curie temperature for the material are reached or there are strong alternating or direct electrical fields opposing the direction of poling for the material. Mechanical stresses imposed on the piezoelectric materials should not exceed the specified limits and although the specified limits vary for different types of materials, mechanical stress in excess of 2.5 MPa may be considered as likely to cause permanent damage. Ultrasound transducers are capable of being designed to operate in liquid mediums and the piezoelectric material does not react with water or gel.   Conclusion Materials with piezoelectric properties such as lead titanate (PbTiO3) and lead zirconate (PbZrO3) lend themselves to being treated by poling to generate as well as detect ultrasound waves when subjected to alternating electric fields or mechanical stresses. Ultrasound transducers can be made out of these materials and these transducers can be designed for specified resonance frequencies for use in medical imaging. The detailed design of such transducers is an exciting and involving undertaking which is capable of being assisted by finite element simulations. Advances in transducer design involving the use of new materials, miniaturisation and the use of arrays of transducers promises to revolutionise medical imaging in the future by providing high resolution 3-D ultrasound images and the field is full of promise for device designers as well as computer engineers of the future. References/ Bibliography Web Sources   Abboud, Najib N et al. â€Å"Finite Element Modelling for Ultrasonic Transducers†. Weidlinger Associates Inc. SPIE Int. Symp. Medical Imaging 1998, San Diego, Feb 21-27, 1998. 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IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium Proceedings. 2002. August 4, 2005. http://www.vermon.com/Biblio_Vermon/IEEE_3MHz%202D%20Array.pdf Ritter, Timothy et al. â€Å"Single Crystal PZN/PT-Polymer Composites for Ultrasound Transducer Applications†. IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control, vol. 47, no. 4, July 2000. August 4, 2005. http://www.ieee-uffc.org/archive/public/opapers/jul792.pdf Ronald E McKeighen. â€Å"Design Guidelines for Medical Ultrasonic Arrays†. Acoustic Imaging Transducers Inc. 2000. August 4, 2005. http://www.wai.com/AppliedScience/Software/Pzflex/Papers-other/spie-man.pdf Saleh K. Y. and N.B. Smith. â€Å"Two-dimensional ultrasound phased array design for tissue ablation for treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia†. Pennsylvania State University. May, 2003. August 4, 2005. http://www.bioe.psu.edu/ultrasound/Research/Saleh%20Smith%20IJH04.pdf Schmidt, M. â€Å"Ultrasonic Signal Processing Chip For Intraluminal Catheter Based Systems†. 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August 4, 2005. http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/~kamin/pubs/whitehouse04ultrasoundUCBtechReport.pdf References Related to Ultrasound Transducers from British Libraries . Medical Imaging 1999: Ultrasonic Transducer Engineering: 24-25 February 1999, San Diego, California. Bellingham, Washington: SPIE, 1999. . Medical Ultrasound: Mirror Transducer Systems for High Resolution Imaging. 1984. American Association of Physicists in Medicine. Medical Physics of CT and Ultrasound: Tissue Imaging and Characterization: Summer School: Papers and Discussions. American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine. Ultrasound Practice Committee Report for Cleaning and Preparing Endocavitary Ultrasound Transducers Between Patients. Laurel, Md.: American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, 1995. American Society of Ultrasound Technical Specialists and Society of Diagnostic Medical Sonographers. Medical Ultrasound. New York: Wiley. Barnett, S. B., G. Kossoff, and World Federation for Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology. Safety and Standardisation in Medical Ultrasound: Issues and Recommendations Regarding Thermal Mechanisms for Biological Effects of Ultrasound: Symposium: Papers. Pergamon Press, 1992. British Medical Ultrasound Society. BMUS Bulletin. London: British Medical Ultrasound Society, 2003. Davies, Christopher Mark. The Construction and Design Characteristics of Bimorph Shear Wave Transducers. 1993. Fleming, David G., et al. Indwelling and Implantable Pressure Transducers: Based on Workshop Held in Cleveland, Ohio on December 4 and 5, 1975, Sponsored by the Biotechnology Resources Branch (RR-00857) and the National Institute of General Medical Sciences (GM-14267) of the National Institutes of Health. Cleveland: CRC Press, 1976. Great Britain. Medical Devices Agency. A Comparative Technical Evaluation of Eleven Ultrasound Scanners for Examination of the Breast. Medical Devices Agency, 2001. Kuhn, A., P. A. Payne, and Dias. 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Tuesday, August 20, 2019

The Nature Of Good And Evil English Literature Essay

The Nature Of Good And Evil English Literature Essay Humans: are they born with an innate goodness, or will they revert to their primal, animalistic nature? As important as this question is in our world today, it is one that many choose to ignore, or never even think about. The novel Lord of the Flies has many different objects representing both good and evil. The characters on the island uncovers a lot about todays society, and the characters themselves are a representation of leaders today and of good and evil, right and wrong. Even in modern times, evil has been present in people that, instead of considering the wellbeing of others, do the worst things to fulfill their evil wills. Consequently, the events of modern times along with the symbolism and leadership found in Lord of the Flies shows that, more often than not, evil will triumph in society. Every object on the island has its use, either good or bad. Be that as it may, the bad objects overshadow the good objects. One such object on the island is Piggys glasses. Piggys glasses symbolize hope of rescue, and power. They represent power because the glasses are the only way to start the fire. The fire itself is the primary source of hope for the little uns, and when the glasses are taken by Jack, the little uns go to him because he is now the only one who can light the fire. They are attracted to Jack because he can provide what they want (fire, food, and protection). This also reflects on society today because many people follow leaders who can give them what they want, regardless if that leader has the competency to actually lead his or her people. The same goes for the little uns and Jack. Since Jack has the power of fire, they do not care that he is trying to murder Ralph. They choose to ignore the cruelty because Jack can provide for them a signal to be rescued, and meat . This has been reflected during Hitlers reign of the Third Reich. He promised the German people a way out of the depression, and as long as the people got that, they did not care how this would be achieved. Piggys glasses also symbolize the ability to see clearly and understand, that is to say, wisdom. The lens of the glasses cracking represents losing sight of what is needed to be done, and what is morally right and wrong (Lorcher). The same happens in society. The people with wisdom are shunted and put aside, and the line between right and wrong begins to blur, allowing humans to do progressively worse and worse things without a voice of reasoning to stop them. An example of a good object on the island is the conch. The conch, found by Ralph, was used to call all of the boys to one place. It is a representation of peace and unity. Because Ralph found the conch, he was considered the authority figure and named leader of the boys, and he was responsible for holding it and calling the boys to meetings. However, he lost his leadership authority when the conch was broken and Piggy was killed. As soon as this symbol of unity and peace was broken, the island fell into chaos. From that chaos, Jack rose to become dictator of the boys. He even created a fortress from which he could rule. Because there is no longer an object that symbolizes good, Jack is able to twist things his way, allowing him to rule as a dictator. In contrast to the conch is Jacks knife. The knife symbolizes Jacks brutality and thirst for power. When he asks Ralph, Which is better-to have laws and agree, or to hunt and kill, he shows that, to him, laws are unnecessary, and that hunting and killing is better, even essential (Golding 225). Throughout the novel, Jack tries to gain power, and in his attempts he causes many problems. However, once he gains power, he uses every technique he knows to hold on to it. The main threat to his power is Ralph. Even after Ralph is left all alone with no followers, Jack insists on gathering his tribe of savages and hunting him. He has every intention of killing Ralph. Even when they first met at the start of the story, Jack and Ralph had clashed for power. Throughout the story, because of their differing ideas and philosophies, they clashed for power. This clashing represents the struggle for power between leaders in the world today. And, like in the novel, the evil leaders seem to always com e to the forefront and win over the people. Another evil object on the island is the Lord of the Flies himself, symbolizing the evil of humans that comes from inside. The Lord of the Flies is actually a pigs head on a sharpened stick. It was meant as an offering to appease the beast on the island. When Simon is walking in the forest, he comes upon the Lord of the Flies and has a conversation with him. The head tells Simon that there is, in fact, no beast on the island. The evil that has been going on is actually coming from the boys themselves, from inside them. He tells Simon that the beast is actually the hate, greed, jealousy, and lust for power inside them, and if they do not let go of these horrible traits, they will be divided, making it much harder to be rescued. And even if they are rescued, these traits will stay with them, magnified from their time spent on the island, and they will take these traits into the civilized world. Simon runs away from the Lord of the Flies, and runs into Jack and his band of hunters. Beca use Jack and his group symbolize the evil that the lord of the Flies was talking about, they killed Simon. There is an association between the objects and the characters themselves, and this shows that evil exists and usually wins over good. The way the characters act and react, and the way they make use of the objects, show that evil will always be the victor. Ralph is among the few good people in the novel, and is the protagonist of the story. Jack is the complete opposite, being the main antagonist. After trying to gain power over Ralph throughout most of the book, Jack becomes fed up and takes a group of boys to become his hunters. He trains them to kill, and trains them to enjoy doing it. At the end of the novel, everyone (except Ralph) is forced to join his tribe, and he is supreme dictator of the tribe. When going on hunts, he would fire his tribe up with a chant: Kill the Pig! Cut her throat! Spill her blood! (Golding 90). The most evil person on the island, and the first follower of Jack, is Roger. When hunting, he enjoys killing the pig. But Roger relished the act of killing Piggy, and torturing the twins to discover the whereabouts of Ralph. He symbolizes the people in this world that hurt others to fulfill th eir own personal agendas, and he also represents sadists in society that enjoy causing harm to others. Simon is the complete opposite of Roger. He is regarded as Christ-like (Yvonechick-online posting). He is the only person on the island with a conscience because he asks questions nobody can answer, and is deeply troubled by certain events (such as his talk with the Lord of the Flies). He represents hope for humanity, but although he is Christ-like, his death does not bring salvation. The twins, Sam and Eric, symbolize the common person. Most common peoples loyalties lie with the one in power, even if that persons beliefs and actions do not coincide with their own. This is because of self-preservation, and we as humans look to our own needs first. Since the person in power can provide for certain needs, the common people will give the leader their loyalty. This happens in the novel as well. At first, they are loyal to Ralph. When Jack takes over, however, they are forced to join hi m and are loyal to him, albeit if it is only because they are afraid of being hurt and think it is necessary for survival. Piggy wears glasses, has asthma, and cannot speak very well. He also is not athletic. These imperfections are significant because Piggy is a symbol for the people that cruel leaders have oppressed and taken advantage of. Because of his many imperfections, he is an easy target, and the novel displays this. Every time Piggy tries to speak or take charge, he is interrupted or stopped, and generally laughed at. The ending of the novel, however, truly shows that humans, when it comes to survival, resort to their animalistic and evil nature. The novel ends with Ralph crying for the end of innocence, the darkness of mans heart (Golding 235). Golding sums it up in that one sentence. The boys have lost their youthful innocence, and have reverted back to primal and animalistic norms. They all came from respectable, well-educated backgrounds, yet when it comes to survival, they resort to violence and treachery. The things they did were not taught at their school, and they did not learn them anywhere else; this proves that humans have an evil nature inside them that comes forth when we need to (essentially, we come first). A psychologist named Freud has even given this evil nature a name: the Id. According to Freud, the source of instinctual energy, which works on the pleasure principle and is concerned with immediate gratification is the Id (Huffman 457). For the boys on the island, it is the Id that surfaces in such an extreme incident, being inside the children (and consequently, all of human kind) all along. The Id has sur faced in many instances throughout recent history, but the one that is most obvious is the Holocaust. Events in recent history, like the Holocaust, show that human nature is evil and that even in civilized societies humans will revert to this base nature of ours. The country of Germany was torn apart by a great economic depression resulting from the First World War. A virtually unknown man named Adolf Hitler rose to power quickly. His ability as an orator was great, and he ensnared the people of Germany with promises of getting their country out of the depression. Once he revealed his terrible plan, the German people went along with it. Why? They were thinking about their own selves, and they wanted results. What better way than to place all the blame of their situation on the Jews, and at the same time get rid of the people who supposedly put them in that position in the first place. Even after killing over six million Jews, who did absolutely nothing wrong, the people of Germany turned aside and chose not to see what was happening. Even the rest of the world ended up turning away a nd letting it continue, at least for a while. The same scenario is shown in Lord of the Flies. Jack rises to power, and gets followers because he promises them power and, more importantly, meat. Just like Hitler, he uses his group of followers to terrorize the other boys into following him. Einstein says it best: The world is a dangerous place to live; not because of the people who are evil, but because of the people who dont do anything about it (brainyquote.com). He makes the boys fear him, and fear is an effective way of getting people to do what you want them to, regardless of how vile the action is. Jack and Hitler both got rid of unwanted voices that carry potential information that can undermine the leader. In the case of the novel, Simon is killed after speaking with the Lord of the Flies. Without those voices in society, evil is allowed to run rampant and unchecked. The human race also has a greed component that goes hand in hand with evil. When a normally good man or woman is given a position of power, that person will usually want more and more. Sometimes, their greed and ambitions will blind them to their values and morals, and they will resort to actions they normally would never do, all just to become more and more powerful. Macbeth, considered an extremely loyal friend to the king, was given a prophecy (most likely a self-fulfilling prophecy) that he was to kill the king and be king himself. He gets a taste of power, and wants more. His ambition and greed (along with his ever growing paranoia) cause him to commit more evil deeds. Jack became jealous of Ralphs authority, and when he got a taste of leadership, he immediately wanted more. Evil will win out in the end because humans generally look toward instant gratification, and are willing to put aside their morals. William Goldings Lord of the Flies shows that humans are, in fact, born with an innate evil. The characters in the book show that humans will resort to their evil roots to survive. This is applicable to society today because the boys all represent some aspect of our society, ranging from common people to authoritative figures. The boys also show that their needs come first above the needs and well being of others, as presented in the hunt for Ralph at the end of the novel. The symbols in Goldings brilliant work also support the fact that humans have an evil nature. The conch represents the order and integrity of society, yet it is broken, showing that evil will triumph over good. The knife is an evil object, representing thirst for blood and lust for power. Recent historical events also highlight the fact that humans are evil at heart. One such event is the Holocaust and the atrocities committed by Adolf Hitler in his efforts to create a pure race. The symbolism of the objects, the c haracters, and the events of history all tie in together to confirm that humans are innately evil, and will resort to evil. After all, it is much easier to be and do evil than it is to take the high road and do good.

Monday, August 19, 2019

Swan Lake Vs. Revelations Essay -- essays research papers

Alvin Ailey’s Revelations and Tchaikovsky’s Swan Lake are two different styles of dance from very different points in history. Revelations is a contemporary dance and Swan Lake is a classical dance. Each dance has certain points that have made it critically acclaimed. They both incorporate different styles of dance but they do share a few characteristics.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The stage props and the lighting seemed to be different in each performance. Swan Lake had a backdrop of a lake. This was key for this dance. When the girls would turn back and forth from swans they would show a group of swans swim across the lake. This was very important for the audience to understand this very important transformation. The lighting in Swan Lake was a little bit brighter because it had more scenes where the entire stage needed to be illuminated. When the soloists were dancing they did not have a particular spotlight on them. Revelations had a very plain set. This seemed to put more of a focus on the dancers instead of the atmosphere on stage. The backdrop was just a dark cloth with no pattern or picture. The lighting covered the entire stage when many dancers were performing at the same time. When soloists performed, a spotlight was focused on them to draw all the attention to the dance.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The choreography in Ailey’s dance was very interesting. The dancers used the floor much more than Swan Lake. Swan Lake’s dance movements seemed to be very apar...

Sunday, August 18, 2019

Cloned Zoos Essay -- Research Paper Animals Cloning Papers

Cloned Zoos Imagine an earth where every animal lives within an enclosed area where all humankind can see them. Yet, within these enclosures are the only places humans can see these animals alive. Why? It is because the animals' habitats have been damaged and completely destroyed for the needs and usage of human kind. These enclosed areas are called Cloned Zoos: The Final Stronghold of the World's Biodiversity. These cloned zoos are full of cloned animals that have been brought back from the dead or from the edge of extinction. Humankind has come to a point where all life on earth is controlled by human hands and where without the help of humans no animals will survive. Can you imagine a world where this instance has become reality? Could humankind allow this atrocity to happen? Will they allow this atrocity to happen? Well, some scientists are trying to avert this tragedy from occurring by using cloning to preserve those animals that are endangered or rapidly approaching the brink of extinction. The technology for cloning is improving and some scientists are turning to this technology as a way to preserve the genes of species faced with extinction due to weak reproductive abilities or a population, which is split and unable to reach another population. A member of an endangered species can be cloned and reintroduced into the original or a distant and unreachable population. Another option is the member being cloned can be brought back to life after it has died in order that its genes are still part of the gene pool. An estimated one hundred species go extinct each and every day, which means that approximately 36,500 species would go extinct every year (British Broadcasting Corporation, 2003). This extinction trend coul... .... (October 2, 2003). http://www.noonanrusso.com/imedia/ikit/act2/html/faqs.html Tobin, Kate. CNN.com-Nature: First cloned endangered species dies 2 days after birth. January 12, 2001. 18 September 2003 http://www.cnn.com/2001/NATURE/01/12/cloned.gaur/ Weise, Elizabeth. USA Today: The crËme of the clone crop. September 28, 2003. 18 September 2003 http://www.usatoday.com/news/health/2003-09-29-clone-table.htm Westphal, Sylvia Pagan. "So simple, almost anyone can do it." New Scientist. 17 August 2002: 16-17. Wright, Richard T. Biology: Through the Eyes of Faith. San Francisco: Harper & Row, Publishers, 1989. [1] The zona pellucida is "the extracellular matrix of the egg," (Campbell, Reece, Mitchell, 1999, p. 940), a protective layer of the egg. [2] "Fitness is a measure of potential success," (English 107), for a species within a given environment. Cloned Zoos Essay -- Research Paper Animals Cloning Papers Cloned Zoos Imagine an earth where every animal lives within an enclosed area where all humankind can see them. Yet, within these enclosures are the only places humans can see these animals alive. Why? It is because the animals' habitats have been damaged and completely destroyed for the needs and usage of human kind. These enclosed areas are called Cloned Zoos: The Final Stronghold of the World's Biodiversity. These cloned zoos are full of cloned animals that have been brought back from the dead or from the edge of extinction. Humankind has come to a point where all life on earth is controlled by human hands and where without the help of humans no animals will survive. Can you imagine a world where this instance has become reality? Could humankind allow this atrocity to happen? Will they allow this atrocity to happen? Well, some scientists are trying to avert this tragedy from occurring by using cloning to preserve those animals that are endangered or rapidly approaching the brink of extinction. The technology for cloning is improving and some scientists are turning to this technology as a way to preserve the genes of species faced with extinction due to weak reproductive abilities or a population, which is split and unable to reach another population. A member of an endangered species can be cloned and reintroduced into the original or a distant and unreachable population. Another option is the member being cloned can be brought back to life after it has died in order that its genes are still part of the gene pool. An estimated one hundred species go extinct each and every day, which means that approximately 36,500 species would go extinct every year (British Broadcasting Corporation, 2003). This extinction trend coul... .... (October 2, 2003). http://www.noonanrusso.com/imedia/ikit/act2/html/faqs.html Tobin, Kate. CNN.com-Nature: First cloned endangered species dies 2 days after birth. January 12, 2001. 18 September 2003 http://www.cnn.com/2001/NATURE/01/12/cloned.gaur/ Weise, Elizabeth. USA Today: The crËme of the clone crop. September 28, 2003. 18 September 2003 http://www.usatoday.com/news/health/2003-09-29-clone-table.htm Westphal, Sylvia Pagan. "So simple, almost anyone can do it." New Scientist. 17 August 2002: 16-17. Wright, Richard T. Biology: Through the Eyes of Faith. San Francisco: Harper & Row, Publishers, 1989. [1] The zona pellucida is "the extracellular matrix of the egg," (Campbell, Reece, Mitchell, 1999, p. 940), a protective layer of the egg. [2] "Fitness is a measure of potential success," (English 107), for a species within a given environment.

Saturday, August 17, 2019

Otranto

Amy Reid English 5720: Franta 09/27/12 The Contradiction in Women’s Roles in Castle of Otranto While each character in Horace Walpole’s Castle of Otranto seem to have their own dispositions that fuel the story, these dispositions also create a pattern intrinsic to gender. The males of the story are powerful and oppressive to their female counterparts. In contrast, the women remain devoted and submissive. Although it may seem that Walpole is trying to degrade women by use of male domination, he is actually focusing on the importance of the female role in the derivation of male power.Manfred, the prince of Otranto is at a loss as his only son Conrad dies and there is no longer anyone to pass the royal blood to another generation. After this event takes place Manfred exemplifies his character as being engrossed with power. In an attempt to produce another heir to the thrown he is determined to divorce his wife and marry Isabella. â€Å"Hippolita is no longer my wife; I di vorce her from this hour. Too long has she cursed me by her unfruitfulness: my fate depends on having sons,-and this night I trust will give a new date to my hopes (25). While Manfred’s wife has been nothing but devoted to her husband and is filled with sorrow after she hears of his plans, he remains to lack sympathy or concerns for his wife’s desires. Isabella is also at left in a position without a voice of her own; she must marry Manfred. Against Manfred’s insistence that Isabella marry him, she flees to avoid marrying such a terrible man. While fleeing Manfred Isabella begins to discover how she can use her femininity in her own power. Her gentleness had never raised her an enemy, and conscious innocence made her hope that, unless sent by the prince’s order to seek her, his servants would rather assist than prevent her flight (28). † In many instances, characteristics of femininity are viewed as weaknesses to the female characters in the novel. In this instance, Isabella’s characteristics that are associated with her identity as a female are used in an opposing way.To be gentle and innocent may be deemed as weaknesses but in this circumstance she is able to use these traits advantageously to escape and overthrow the prince’s nonconsensual plans of marriage. Without the presence of Isabella the price is powerless, as he cannot produce an heir without her presence. Walpole enforces the idea that men receive their power from women and without the presence of women they are powerless. Again this idea is present when focused on the relationship between Matilda and her father Manfred.The father daughter relationship which they share is one in which Matilda is oppressed and is at a lack of affection. Manfred even displays directly to Matilda his dissatisfaction with her being his daughter and not his son. When Matilda arrives at his door to comfort him and aid in his grievances at the loss of his son, he exclaims, à ¢â‚¬Å"Begone, I do not want a daughter (23). † He continues to deny Matilda any affection or acknowledgement and eventually ends up murdering her mistakenly thinking she is Isabella. Meanwhile, it is discovered that the Theodore is the true prince and the one to produce an heir.If Matilda would have married Theodore it is more than likely that they would have conceived a child that would now be the heir. While Manfred never acknowledged Matilda until the time of her death, he now acknowledges that the prophecy is proven true; the lordship will not be passed from his present family but instead to its real owner. In the end Matilda was Manfred’s last hope in passing on the lordship. Matilda’s death marks Manfred’s complete fall from power, as the passing of the lordship to the next generation is now impossible.

Friday, August 16, 2019

Psychosocial theory Essay

Erik H. Erikson adapted and expanded Freud’s theory of development to include the entire life span, believing that people continue to develop throughout life. He describes eight stages of development. Erikson envisions life as a sequence of levels of achievement. Each stage signals a task that must be achieved. The resolution of the task can be complete, partial, or unsuccessful. Erikson believes that the greater the task achievement, the healthier the personality of the person; failure to achieve a task influences the person’s ability to achieve the next task. These developmental tasks can be viewed as a series of crises, and successful resolution of these crises is supportive to the persons’ ego. Failure to resolve the crises is damaging to the ego. Erikson’s eight stages reflect both positive and negative aspects of the critical life periods. The resolution of the conflicts at each stage enables the person to function effectively in society. Each phase ha sits developmental task, and the individual must find a balance between, for example, trust versus mistrust or integrity versus despair. When using Erikson’s developmental framework, nurses should be aware of indicators of positive and negative resolution of each stage. It is also important to be aware that the environment is highly influential in development, according to Erikson. One can enhance an individual’s development by being aware of the person’s developmental stage and by helping the person develop coping skills relative to stressors experienced at that level. One can strengthen an individual’s positive resolution of a developmental task by providing the individual with appropriate opportunities and encouragement. For example, a 10- year- old child can be encouraged to be creative, to finish schoolwork, and to learn how to accomplish these tasks within the limitations imposed by health. Erikson emphasizes that people must change and adapt their behavior to maintain control over their lives. In his view, no stage in personality development can be bypassed, but people can become fixated at one stage or regress to a previous stage under anxious or stressful conditions. For example, a middle- aged woman who has never satisfactorily accomplished the task of resolving identity versus role confusion might regress to an earlier stage when stressed by an illness with which she cannot cope. Erikson’s eight stages of development include Infancy, central task is trust versus mistrust; Early Childhood, central task is autonomy versus shame and doubt; Late Childhood, central task is initiative versus guilt; School Age, central task is industry versus inferiority; Adolescence, central task is identity versus role confusion; Young Adulthood, central task is intimacy versus isolation; Adulthood, central task is generativity versus stagnation and Maturity, in which the central task is integrity versus despair. The indicators of positive resolution for each stages are; learning to trust others for Infancy; self control without loss of self –esteem, ability to cooperate and to express oneself for Early Childhood; learning the degree to which assertiveness and purpose influence the environment, beginning ability to evaluate one’s own behavior for Late Childhood; beginning to create, develop, and manipulate, developing sense of competence and perseverance for School age; coherent sense of self, plans to actualize one’s abilities for Adolescence; intimate relationship with another person, commitment to work and relationships for Young Adulthood; creativity, productivity, concern for others for Adulthood and; acceptance of worth and uniqueness of one’s own life, acceptance of death for Maturity or in the last stage of life of being an adult.

Philosophy and Theory of Yin and Yang Essay

In Taoist philosophy, dark and light (☠¯) yin and yang, arrives in the dà  odà ©jÄ «ng at Chapter 42. It becomes sensible from an initial quiescence or emptiness (wuji, sometimes symbolized by an empty circle), and continues moving until quiescence is reached again. For instance, dropping a stone in a calm pool of water will simultaneously raise waves and lower troughs between them, and this alternation of high and low points in the water will radiate outward until the movement dissipates and the pool is calm once more. Yin and yang thus are always opposite and equal qualities. Further, whenever one quality reaches its peak, it will naturally begin to transform into the opposite quality: for example, grain that reaches its full height in summer (fully yang) will produce seeds and die back in winter (fully yin) in an endless cycle. It is impossible to talk about yin or yang without some reference of the opposite; since yin and yang are bound together as parts of a mutual whole. A way to illustrate this idea is to postulate the notion of a race with only men or only women; this race would disappear in a single generation. Yet, men and women together create new generations that allow the race they mutually create (and mutually come from) to survive. The interaction of the two gives birth to things. Yin and yang transform each other: like an undertow in the ocean, every advance is complemented by a retreat, and every rise transforms into a fall. Thus, a seed will sprout from the earth and grow upwards towards the sky – an intrinsically yang movement. Then, when it reaches its full potential height, it will fall. â€Å"Laozi†. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy by Stanford University. â€Å"The Tao Teh King, or the Tao and its Characteristics by Laozi – Project Gutenberg†. Gutenberg.org. 2007-12-01.

Thursday, August 15, 2019

Assignment: Petition Letter

March 15th, 2013 Dr. the Honourable Peter Phillips Minister of Finance and Planning The Ministry of Finance and Planning 30 National Heroes Circle Kingston 4 Jamaica Re: Appeal letter for intervention in the financial regulations Dear Sir: This is with reference to the new regulatory regime for financial institutions. The Laguna Group is a small collection of financial establishments that are not regulated by the Bank of Jamaica (BOJ) and have been self-regulated for the past sixty years.However, with the implementation of the new financial regulations, it is of strong belief that this will greatly impair the operations of the group. It is with this effect that we are calling upon your high esteem to intervene in this urgent matter. The Laguna Group has been vigorous investors in the country’s financial sector and the collective strength of the industry. As a result, the group currently controls fifteen (15%) and eighteen (18%) percent of the country’s total deposits an d personal loans respectively.The unwillingness of the BOJ to enter into negotiations threatens the stability of the funds controlled by Laguna. Minister, this is of grave urgency, the members of the group are willing to meet with you and BOJ to arrive at a mutually beneficial agreement to best serve the group’s existing one million working class clientele. The Laguna Group will seek to strengthen relationships with the government and the central bank; as such your collaboration would be vital in creating specific regulations that would serve the best interest of the group, the central bank, the government and the people of Jamaica.Again, with regards to the aforementioned, we are strongly beseeching your immediate intervention in the course of these regulations. The matter has already been discussed and deliberated among the group’s members; however it is your diplomacy that will yield absolution from this regime. We eagerly await your response. Thank you. Respectfull y, Frances Hibbert Frances Hibbert Group Corporate Executive Officer Laguna Group of Financial Institutions